Aalies Lyndon asked:


Cisco Certified Internetwork Professional (CCIP®) is one of the most sought after certifications that will validate the candidate’s advanced knowledge and skills with respect to managing service provider infrastructures. CCIP certification endorses a network professional’s competencies in providing infrastructure IP networking solutions. The central focus of the CCIP curriculum is on IP routing, IP QoS, BGP, and MPLS.

This certification is deem as the ideal window for those networking professionals aspirant to work for service supplier organisations meaning that they are endowed with a good working knowledge pertaining to networking technologies connected to service providers stretching across IP routing, IP QoS, BGP, and MPLS.

One can also appreciate this as a ‘professional level’ certification that will require the candidates to first qualify themselves by passing the appropriate ‘associate level’ certification. For instance, in this case, the exam that they need to pass is the CCNA. After passing the CCNA test, the participants can complete the CCIP certification process by clearing either three or four exams, depending on their choice. In the four exam route, they must take either 642-901 BSCI – Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (90 mins) or 642-892 Composite – Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) and Building Cisco Managed Switched Networks (BCMSN) (120 mins) in addition to three others including 642-642 QOS – Implementing Cisco Quality of Service (QoS) (90 mins), 642-661 BGP – Configuring BGP on Cisco Routers (BGP) (90 mins), and 642-611 MPLS – Implementing Cisco MPLS (MPLS) (90 mins).

The option three exam route includes passing either 642-901 BSCI – Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks or 642-892 Composite – Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) and Building Cisco Managed Switched Networks (BCMSN) (120 mins) in addition to two others including 642-642 QOS – Implementing Cisco Quality of Service (QoS) (90 mins) and 642-691 BGP+MPLS – Configuring BGP on Cisco Routers (BGP) and Implementing Cisco MPLS (MPLS) (90 mins)

Depending on the assessment, the question types vary between drag and drop, multiple choice, simulations and others. The three exam route enables the participants to save a great deal of time and money. Some of the reputed sites on the internet help in preparing for this examination.



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westgatenetworks asked:

This is a tutorial that shows how to configure and apply an extended IP access control list (ACL) on a Cisco router. For additional videos and white papers from West Gate Networks, please visit www.westgatenetworks.com … Cisco ACL access control list router configuration chicago cicso training cisco tutorial

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Ahamed asked:


ip Address and Subnetting.

Wednesday, February 25, 2009

IP Addressing and Subnetting

Introduction

This document gives you basic information needed to configure your router for routing IP, such as how addresses are broken down and how subnetting works. You learn how to assign each interface on the router an IP address with a unique subnet. There are many examples to help tie everything together.

Prerequisites

Requirements

There are no specific prerequisites for this document.

Components Used

This document is not restricted to specific software and hardware versions.

Additional Information

If definitions are helpful to you, use these vocabulary terms to get you started:

*

Address—The unique number ID assigned to one host or interface in a network.

*

Subnet—A portion of a network sharing a particular subnet address.

*

Subnet mask—A 32-bit combination used to describe which portion of an address refers to the subnet and which part refers to the host.

*

Interface—A network connection.

If you have already received your legitimate address(es) from the Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC), you are ready to begin. If you do not plan to connect to the Internet, Cisco strongly suggests that you use reserved addresses from RFC 1918.

Conventions

Refer to Cisco Technical Tips Conventions for more information on document conventions.

Understanding IP Addresses

An IP address is an address used to uniquely identify a device on an IP network. The address is made up of 32 binary bits which can be divisible into a network portion and host portion with the help of a subnet mask. The 32 binary bits are broken into four octets (1 octet = 8 bits). Each octet is converted to decimal and separated by a period (dot). For this reason, an IP address is said to be expressed in dotted decimal format (for example, 172.16.81.100). The value in each octet ranges from 0 to 255 decimal, or 00000000 – 11111111 binary.

Here is how binary octets convert to decimal: The right most bit, or least significant bit, of an octet holds a value of 20. The bit just to the left of that holds a value of 21. This continues until the left-most bit, or most significant bit, which holds a value of 27. So if all binary bits are a one, the decimal equivalent would be 255 as shown here:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

Here is a sample octet conversion when not all of the bits are set to 1.

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 64 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0+64+0+0+0+0+0+1=65)

And this is sample shows an IP address represented in both binary and decimal.

10. 1. 23. 19 (decimal)

00001010.00000001.00010111.00010011 (binary)

These octets are broken down to provide an addressing scheme that can accommodate large and small networks. There are five different classes of networks, A to E. This document focuses on addressing classes A to C, since classes D and E are reserved and discussion of them is beyond the scope of this document.

Note: Also note that the terms “Class A, Class B” and so on are used in this document to help facilitate the understanding of IP addressing and subnetting. These terms are rarely used in the industry anymore because of the introduction of classless interdomain routing (CIDR).

Given an IP address, its class can be determined from the three high-order bits. Figure 1 shows the significance in the three high order bits and the range of addresses that fall into each class. For informational purposes, Class D and Class E addresses are also shown.

Figure 1

3an.gif

In a Class A address, the first octet is the network portion, so the Class A example in Figure 1 has a major network address of 1.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255. Octets 2, 3, and 4 (the next 24 bits) are for the network manager to divide into subnets and hosts as he/she sees fit. Class A addresses are used for networks that have more than 65,536 hosts (actually, up to 16777214 hosts!).

In a Class B address, the first two octets are the network portion, so the Class B example in Figure 1 has a major network address of 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255. Octets 3 and 4 (16 bits) are for local subnets and hosts. Class B addresses are used for networks that have between 256 and 65534 hosts.

In a Class C address, the first three octets are the network portion. The Class C example in Figure 1 has a major network address of 192.0.0.0 – 233.255.255.255. Octet 4 (8 bits) is for local subnets and hosts – perfect for networks with less than 254 hosts.

Network Masks

A network mask helps you know which portion of the address identifies the network and which portion of the address identifies the node. Class A, B, and C networks have default masks, also known as natural masks, as shown here:

Class A: 255.0.0.0

Class B: 255.255.0.0

Class C: 255.255.255.0

An IP address on a Class A network that has not been subnetted would have an address/mask pair similar to: 8.20.15.1 255.0.0.0. To see how the mask helps you identify the network and node parts of the address, convert the address and mask to binary numbers.

8.20.15.1 = 00001000.00010100.00001111.00000001

255.0.0.0 = 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

Once you have the address and the mask represented in binary, then identifying the network and host ID is easier. Any address bits which have corresponding mask bits set to 1 represent the network ID. Any address bits that have corresponding mask bits set to 0 represent the node ID.

8.20.15.1 = 00001000.00010100.00001111.00000001

255.0.0.0 = 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

———————————–

net id | host id

netid = 00001000 = 8

hostid = 00010100.00001111.00000001 = 20.15.1

Understanding Subnetting

Subnetting allows you to create multiple logical networks that exist within a single Class A, B, or C network. If you do not subnet, you are only able to use one network from your Class A, B, or C network, which is unrealistic.

Each data link on a network must have a unique network ID, with every node on that link being a member of the same network. If you break a major network (Class A, B, or C) into smaller subnetworks, it allows you to create a network of interconnecting subnetworks. Each data link on this network would then have a unique network/subnetwork ID. Any device, or gateway, connecting n networks/subnetworks has n distinct IP addresses, one for each network / subnetwork that it interconnects.

In order to subnet a network, extend the natural mask using some of the bits from the host ID portion of the address to create a subnetwork ID. For example, given a Class C network of 204.17.5.0 which has a natural mask of 255.255.255.0, you can create subnets in this manner:

204.17.5.0 – 11001100.00010001.00000101.00000000

255.255.255.224 – 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

————————–|sub|—-

By extending the mask to be 255.255.255.224, you have taken three bits (indicated by “sub”) from the original host portion of the address and used them to make subnets. With these three bits, it is possible to create eight subnets. With the remaining five host ID bits, each subnet can have up to 32 host addresses, 30 of which can actually be assigned to a device since host ids of all zeros or all ones are not allowed (it is very important to remember this). So, with this in mind, these subnets have been created.

204.17.5.0 255.255.255.224 host address range 1 to 30

204.17.5.32 255.255.255.224 host address range 33 to 62

204.17.5.64 255.255.255.224 host address range 65 to 94

204.17.5.96 255.255.255.224 host address range 97 to 126

204.17.5.128 255.255.255.224 host address range 129 to 158

204.17.5.160 255.255.255.224 host address range 161 to 190

204.17.5.192 255.255.255.224 host address range 193 to 222

204.17.5.224 255.255.255.224 host address range 225 to 254

For More www.ccna-4.tk http://cisco-training640-802.blogspot.com



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lanwanpros asked:

This is the instruction how to configure interface FastEhthernet on Cisco 3640 router. This is basic skill that is required for CCNA, CCENT certifications.

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securicorp asked:

BiKal Candy Bar Cam is a true plug n play ip CCTV camera requiring no router configuration with MPEG4, audio, remote access from PC or 3G mobile phone & more.

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Tamalna asked:


I hav joined 1st yr Btech IT.I would like know abt CCNA xam.Can i rite CCNA after preparing for some months with in this 2yrs i know its difficult.wat is the qualification needed? is +2 enough coz im currently doing my btech IT.pls help me

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Jason Hewett asked:


The Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports the popular Session Initiation Protocol, or SIP. What is SIP, and how does it work? SIP trunks are used by businesses who desire to use their IP-PBX as an external as well as an internal communications device. Whenever you want to call someone who is not located within your enterprise, you must have a Session Initiation Protocol trunk that will enable you to connect to the traditional Public Switch Telephone Network, or PSTN. Instead of relying upon telephone wires for a call centre solution, this PSTN connectivity comes to you from SIP trunking.

SIP works by setting up video and voice calls over the Internet. As a signalling protocol, SIP also tears down these multimedia communication sessions. This method works extremely well, and is virtually undetectable to those on the other end of the telephone. No one will realize that you are not using a local provider such as AT&T or Verizon when they speak with you via an Internet voice call.

You will be connected to one of many SIP trunk providers when you make a call. These providers are also known as Internet Telephony Service Providers, or ITSP. An ITSP has the ability to provide a telephone number or numbers in most area codes worldwide. When using an Internet Telephony Service Provider, you also have access to features such as Direct Inward Dial (DID) and Caller ID. An ITSP is reminiscent of the Vonage service, but instead of one subscriber per home, you have an entire corporation as users.

Many people become confused whenever someone tries to explain an SIP trunk to them. The part that seems to confuse them the most is the fact that the SIP trunk is not a physical connection, but a logical one. A T1 connection and a PRI connection are both physical connections. Physical connections are guided by something, such as cables and wires. A logical connection is wireless.

The usual way to connect to the Internet Telephony Service Provider is via the Internet, but some people do use a private MPLS circuit. However, using the Internet can have its limitations. The lack of QOS, or Quality of Service, can mean that your connection may be less than stellar. Noise on the line and dropped connections can happen, but most people are surprised and pleased at how well the Internet can work for them. The ITSP can also connect with the PSTN, or Public Switched Telephone Network, and in this way can communicate with both fixed landline phones as well as cell phones.

Since the Cisco Unified Communications Manager has used SIP trunks for quite some time now, it was decided that some changes were imminent to keep the system flowing smoothly. It is known that there are some limits to the direct configuration of the SIP trunks into the UCM, so Cisco recently took the step of adding expanded support for Session Initiation Protocol on all of their routers.

This support is a feature that you may be interested in adding to your voice gateway. It is called CUBE, which is short for Cisco Unified Border Element. You do have to pay an additional amount in order to make use of this software for your virtual call centre, but devotees of CUBE have found that it can save your business money.



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Shaun Hummel asked:


Overview

The process of troubleshooting your network involves a methodology that starts with cabling and works through the OSI model to the application layer. The network devices have a network cable that terminates at a wired switch. Cabling is a source of a lot of network problems.

The key with troubleshooting is to determine what has changed. Sometimes it is hardware that isn’t working or some change was made such as new software, configured equipment or additional employees stressing the network. It could be a specific issue or several problems. Start with the client adapter, determine the specific symptoms and go from there.

The following is a series of questions that can used as a guideline during the troubleshooting process:

1. Can you ping the switch IP address?

2. Can you ping the router?

3. Can you ping the DHCP server?

4. Does the client obtain an IP address?

5. Is the WAN circuit available?

6. Has new software been installed on the client or server?

7. Do all clients experience the problem?

8. Is it random or a specific pattern?

9. Is the problem server specific or application specific?

10. Is the DNS server IP address setting correct?

11. Is there a firewall that is filtering traffic?

12. Ran traceroute and examined routing behaviour?

TOOLS:

1) Windows control panel shows network adapter settings, firewall configuration etc.

2) Ping and traceroute will verify that network routing is working.

3) Examine the ARP table on the desktop, switch and router confirming the device MAC address is there.

4) Network packet sniffers examine packet information such as protocols, filtered programs or errors with applications.

5) Verify change management activities and determine what if any device was changed and how.

6) Show interfaces at the router will reveal any interface errors pointing to a cable or hardware problem.

7) Examine router interface utilization patterns.

Working from the cable level and determining if the problem is affecting a single user, a department, building or city wide is a good place to start. A city wide problem sometimes indicates a data center outage. A building sometimes points to a circuit, router or primary switch. A department can indicate a problem with their network switch or fiber cabling. The single user problem could be a myriad of issues from a bad cable to network permissions. Because companies have in some cases hundreds of  applications, network switches and routers the problem becomes more complex when it is a cross department issue. Not all employees have the same network permissions and use a variety of applications across departments, cities and countries.

Determining who is affected by the problem can be a key factor in resolving the issue. The ping is a popular tool since it verifies to the network layer all is working. In that case your then focusing on application issues although not always. Traceroute verifies how packets are traveling between source and destination. You could have packets using non optimal routing paths that are causing performance problems.

Network Planning and Design Guide is available at amazon.com and eBookmall.com

Shaun Hummel is an author of various technical books and has a web site focused on information technology job search solutions and certifications.

http://www.networkjobsolutions.com



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darthoink the cool asked:


I took cisco classes for four semesters in highschool. I passed them all. I did’nt take it serious in highschool, but i still learned how to do basic networking and router programming. I still have my cisco book it called first-year companion guide, cisco networking academy program, it come with a cd, will this help prepare me for the ccna test alone or should i buy more books? What can further prepare me for the tests?
I just gradurated high school this year 2007, and learned i should get my ccna and start a career in networking.
“Even if you have taken the class already, maybe a college course wouldn’t hurt.” Thats what i’ve been thinking but a the test only cost $125, i should have studied hard and took it my teacher would have paid for me, he say he’s a millionaire.

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